Description

Paeonia officinalis, the common peony, is a robust herbaceous perennial of the family Paeoniaceae, native to the montane regions of southern and central Europe — from Spain and France through Italy, Austria, Hungary, and the Balkans. The thick, fleshy root represents the primary commercial medicinal plant part, traded into South Asian Unani pharmaceutical markets as the European grade of Udsaleeb, distinguished from the separately catalogued Himalayan Paeonia emodi (Udsaleeb). The root contains paeonol, paeoniflorin, and benzyl benzoate. Documented in classical European herbalism by Dioscorides (who named the genus after the healer Paeon of Greek mythology) and in the European materia medica for nervous-system wellness. In Unani pharmacopoeia, imported European Paeonia root is incorporated in compound formulations for convulsive conditions, nervous system support, and anti-spasmodic preparations.